Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“The city council voted to build a new library. Construction will begin in March and should take about eighteen months.” If construction begins in March this year, about when should it finish?
Before 1900, many people believed that diseases were caused by “bad air”. The work of scientists such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch showed that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases. This germ theory changed how doctors prevented and treated illness. Which choice best describes the structure of the passage?
Hitung x = 1.178 ÷ 0.62 tanpa kalkulator. Berikan nilai tepat.
Gunakan tertib operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = 7 × (38 − 4 × 3) − 3².
Saraf manakah yang tertekan dalam sindrom terowong karpal?
Seorang pesakit tidak dapat mengabduksi lengan melebihi kira-kira 15° selepas patah leher bedah humerus, dan mengalami kebas pada bahu sebelah lateral. Saraf manakah yang paling mungkin cedera?
Hormon manakah yang menyebabkan pundi hempedu mengecut selepas hidangan berlemak?
Embolus pulmonari menyekat aliran darah ke kawasan paru-paru yang diventilasi dengan baik. Bagaimanakah nisbah ventilasi–perfusi (V/Q) kawasan itu berubah?
In a pedigree, a trait appears in every generation, and every affected child has at least one affected parent. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?
2 mol glukosa dilarutkan dalam air untuk membuat 4 liter larutan. Berapakah kemolarannya?
Pepsin digests protein in the stomach at about pH 2, but it stops working once food moves into the small intestine, where the pH is higher. Why?
Choose the correct verb: “She ___ in this city since 2015.”
Which sentence correctly uses an introductory phrase?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse reinforced the teaching about insulin injections.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The disease was found on a routine check because the patient was ___ and felt perfectly well.”
Jawapan: D · In September of next year
Starting in March, one year brings you to March of next year, and six more months brings you to September of next year.
Jawapan: B · An old idea, the evidence that replaced it, and its effect
The passage moves from an old belief, to the scientific work that replaced it, to the effect of the new theory.
Jawapan: x = 1.9
Perpuluhan: untuk menambah atau menolak, sejajarkan titik perpuluhan. Untuk mendarab, darabkan sebagai nombor bulat dan berikan hasil darab itu sebanyak tempat perpuluhan yang dimiliki oleh kedua-dua faktor bersama-sama. Untuk membahagi dengan perpuluhan, alihkan titik perpuluhan kedua-dua nombor ke kanan dengan bilangan tempat yang sama sehingga pembahagi menjadi nombor bulat.
Darabkan kedua-dua nombor dengan 100 supaya pembahagi menjadi nombor bulat.
Jawapan: x = 173
Tertib operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang berada dalam kurungan dahulu, kemudian eksponen (kuasa), kemudian pendaraban dan pembahagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan akhir sekali penambahan dan penolakan dari kiri ke kanan. Pendaraban tidak datang sebelum pembahagian, dan penambahan tidak datang sebelum penolakan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan mengikut urutan kemunculannya. Nombor negatif dalam kurungan mengekalkan tandanya apabila dikuasa duakan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
Dalam kurungan, darabkan 4 × 3 sebelum menolak.
Jawapan: D · Saraf median
Saraf median melalui terowong karpal di bawah retinakulum fleksor; tekanan menyebabkan rasa kebas dan kesemutan pada ibu jari, jari telunjuk dan jari hantu.
Jawapan: C · Saraf aksilari
Saraf aksilari melilit leher bedah humerus. Ia membekalkan deltoid dan teres minor serta kulit di bahu lateral (kawasan "lencana rejimen").
Jawapan: B · Kolesistokinin (CCK)
Lemak dan protein dalam duodenum membebaskan CCK, yang mengecutkan pundi hempedu dan merangsang rembesan enzim pankreas.
Jawapan: A · Ia menjadi sangat tinggi, bertindak sebagai ruang mati
Ventilasi tanpa perfusi memberikan nisbah V/Q yang sangat tinggi (ruang mati). Pirau, seperti dalam pneumonia, adalah sebaliknya: perfusi tanpa ventilasi.
Jawapan: A · Autosomal dominant
A dominant trait needs only one allele to show, so it usually appears in every generation and affected people have an affected parent. Recessive traits can appear in children of two unaffected carriers.
Jawapan: D · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
Ribosomes carry out translation. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller and differ in structure from human cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), so some antibiotics can target them selectively.
Jawapan: C · 0.5 M
M = 2 mol ÷ 4 L = 0.5 mol/L. Mendarab dan bukan membahagi memberikan 8 M.
Jawapan: C · The change in pH alters the shape of pepsin's active site
Enzymes work best at an optimum pH. Away from it, changes in charge on the enzyme disturb the bonds holding its shape, so the active site no longer fits the substrate.
Jawapan: A · has lived
“Since 2015” with an action that continues to the present needs the present perfect: has lived.
Jawapan: B · After reviewing the chart, the nurse called the doctor.
In the second sentence it sounds as if the doctor reviewed the chart. The doer (the nurse) must follow the introductory phrase.
Jawapan: B · Strengthened it by repeating it
To reinforce is to strengthen something, for example by repeating key points of teaching.
Jawapan: A · asymptomatic
Asymptomatic means showing no symptoms, which is why routine screening can find hidden disease.
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