Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
Falls are a common cause of injury in older adults. Removing loose rugs, adding bright lights on stairs and installing grab bars in the bathroom can make a home safer. What is the main purpose of the passage?
Read the sentences: (1) Then add the pasta and stir. (2) Fill a large pot with water. (3) Drain the pasta when it is soft. (4) Bring the water to the boil. Which order is correct?
Sebuah denai berjalan kaki sepanjang 3 batu. Berapa kaki x itu?
Dalam jualan diskaun 20%, sebuah stetoskop berharga $100. Berapakah harga asal x, dalam dolar?
Saraf manakah yang membekalkan diafragma?
Dalam hipertensi portal, varises esofagus terbentuk pada anastomosis portosistemik yang mana?
Apakah kesan utama rangsangan saraf vagus pada jantung?
Mengapakah bernafas oksigen 100% hanya membetulkan hipoksemia daripada pirau kanan-ke-kiri sebenar dengan lemah?
Why is a buffer system important in blood?
When caring for a patient with C. difficile infection, why is hand washing with soap and water preferred over alcohol hand rub?
How can you get solid salt back from salt water?
A solution of a strong acid has pH 2. It is diluted with water to 10 times its original volume. What is the new pH?
Choose the correct word: “___ turn is it to check the supplies?”
Which sentence uses “whoever” or “whomever” correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse explained the rationale for the procedure.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse noticed petechiae on the patient’s legs.”
Jawapan: D · To suggest ways to prevent falls at home
The passage names fall risks and lists changes that make a home safer, so its purpose is to suggest ways to prevent falls.
Jawapan: B · 2, 4, 1, 3
You fill the pot (2), boil the water (4), add the pasta (1) and drain it when soft (3).
Jawapan: x = 15840 ft
Penukaran unit: darabkan dengan faktor yang sama dengan 1, ditulis supaya unit lama terbatal: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Panjang metrik: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. Unit adat AS: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cawan; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Masa: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 hari = 24 h, 1 minggu = 7 hari. Unit yang lebih kecil memberikan nombor yang lebih besar.
Jawapan: x = 125 $
Peratusan songsang: apabila sesuatu nilai telah dinaikkan atau dikurangkan dengan peratusan, nilai baharu ialah peratusan daripada nilai asal, bukan sebaliknya. Selepas diskaun 20% harga ialah 80% daripada harga asal, jadi harga asal = harga baharu ÷ 0.80. Jangan sekali-kali menambah semula 20% pada harga baharu.
Jawapan: C · Saraf frenik
Saraf frenik (akar C3–C5) ialah bekalan motor kepada diafragma. Kecederaan saraf tunjang serviks tinggi di atas C3 oleh itu menghentikan pernafasan spontan.
Jawapan: B · Antara vena gastrik kiri dengan cabang esofagus vena azigos
Di esofagus bawah, darah portal dalam vena gastrik kiri bertemu darah sistemik dalam vena esofagus yang mengalir ke sistem azigos. Tekanan portal tinggi melebarkan vena ini.
Jawapan: B · Ia memperlahankan kadar jantung
Vagus membebaskan asetilkolin pada reseptor muskarinik dalam nod SA dan AV, memperlahankan penjanaan perentak dan pengaliran AV.
Jawapan: D · Darah yang dipirau tidak pernah bersentuhan dengan gas alveolar
Darah yang dipirau memintas alveoli yang diventilasi dan mencampurkan darah ternyahoksigen ke dalam darah arteri. Oksigen tambahan yang disedut tidak dapat sampai kepadanya, tidak seperti dalam ketakpadanan V/Q atau hipoventilasi.
Jawapan: B · It resists changes in pH
Buffers, such as the bicarbonate system, take up or release hydrogen ions to keep blood pH within a narrow range. Even small changes can disturb enzymes and other proteins.
Jawapan: B · Alcohol does not kill its spores, but washing removes them
C. difficile spores resist alcohol. Washing with soap and running water physically removes spores from the hands, so it is used along with gloves and contact precautions.
Jawapan: C · Evaporate the water
Dissolved salt cannot be filtered out. Heating the solution evaporates the water and leaves the salt crystals behind.
Jawapan: D · 3
[H⁺] goes from 10⁻² to 10⁻³ mol/L, so the pH rises by one unit to 3. Diluting an acid makes its pH higher (less acidic), never lower.
Jawapan: B · Whose
“Whose” is the possessive form. “Who’s” means “who is” or “who has”, which makes no sense here.
Jawapan: B · Whoever arrives first should unlock the door.
“Whoever” is the subject of the clause “whoever arrives first”. “Whomever” is the object form.
Jawapan: C · The reason behind it
A rationale is the underlying reason or justification for an action.
Jawapan: D · Tiny red or purple pinpoint spots
Petechiae are pinpoint spots caused by tiny bleeds under the skin.
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