Lembaran kerja Kejururawatan klinikal dengan jawapan

Mengapakah pesakit digalakkan bangun daripada katil awal selepas pembedahan?

1. AUntuk membuat luka sembuh tanpa jahitan
2. BUntuk meningkatkan tekanan darah secara kekal
3. CUntuk mengurangkan risiko darah beku dan jangkitan dada
4. DUntuk memendekkan kesan sedatif anestetik am

A DNACPR (do not attempt CPR; often called DNR or DNAR in the US) decision means that:

1. AThe patient cannot receive antibiotics, fluids or any other active treatment
2. BThe patient must be moved to a hospice
3. CCPR will not be attempted if the heart stops, but other care continues
4. DAll treatment, including food, drink and pain relief, is stopped

Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

1. AAge
2. BSmoking
3. CMale sex
4. DFamily history

Tangga analgesik WHO mengesyorkan:

1. AMemulakan semua pesakit dengan opioid kuat
2. BBergerak daripada bukan opioid kepada opioid lemah kemudian opioid kuat apabila sakit bertambah
3. CMenggunakan kaedah bukan ubat sahaja untuk sakit kanser
4. DMemberi analgesia hanya apabila sakit menjadi teruk

What should a patient be told before using sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) spray for angina?

1. ASwallow the spray rather than leaving it under the tongue
2. BSit down before using it, as it can cause dizziness and low blood pressure
3. CTake it with a large glass of milk to protect the stomach lining
4. DUse it only after the pain has lasted over an hour, with the patient lying flat

A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
2. BRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
3. CRestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
4. DEncourage a low-calorie diet

A patient on metformin with reduced kidney function is due a CT scan with IV contrast. Why might metformin be withheld?

1. AMetformin reacts with the contrast to cause severe hyperglycaemia
2. BThere is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
3. CMetformin causes severe bleeding during scans
4. DMetformin makes the images blurry

An adult with capacity refuses a blood transfusion for religious reasons, even though it may save their life. What should the nurse do?

1. ASedate the patient so the transfusion can be given
2. BAsk a family member to consent instead
3. CGive the transfusion while the patient is asleep, as it is in their best interests
4. DRespect the refusal, check it is informed and document it, and inform the team