Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah yang terutamanya ditunjukkan oleh ujian keton darah atau air kencing yang positif?

1. ABadan memecahkan lemak sebagai bahan api, seperti dalam kekurangan insulin atau kebuluran
2. BBuah pinggang membocorkan protein ke dalam air kencing
3. CPesakit menghidap jangkitan saluran kencing
4. DHati menghasilkan terlalu banyak bilirubin

Seorang warga emas ditemui di lantai selepas berbaring di situ selama berjam-jam. Ujian darah manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan pemecahan otot rangka (rabdomiolisis)?

1. ALipase serum
2. BKreatina kinase (CK)
3. CAlbumin serum
4. DHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Which fasting triglyceride level is commonly described as normal?

1. AAbove 1,000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L)
2. BBelow 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
3. CBetween 200 and 499 mg/dL (2.3–5.6 mmol/L)
4. DAbove 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
2. BIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
3. CIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
4. DThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ADigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
2. BThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
3. CThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
4. DSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss

A patient has a calcium of 7.0 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) and tingling around the mouth. Which nursing measure is most appropriate?

1. ALimit dairy products until the level falls again
2. BPut seizure precautions in place and report the result
3. CEncourage 3 L of fluid per day to dilute the calcium
4. DPromote walking to move calcium back into the bone

Selepas kemoterapi untuk limfoma yang membesar pantas, corak keputusan manakah yang mencadangkan sindrom lisis tumor?

1. AKalium rendah, fosfat rendah, asid urik rendah dan kalsium meningkat
2. BElektrolit normal dengan hemoglobin tinggi
3. CKalium tinggi, fosfat tinggi, asid urik tinggi dan kalsium rendah
4. DNatrium tinggi dan glukosa rendah sahaja

The nurse teaches a patient starting lithium. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
2. B"I will check with the pharmacist before taking ibuprofen"
3. C"I will drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather"
4. D"I will tell my doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea"