Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, which HbA1c range is classed as prediabetes?

1. A4.0–5.6% (20–38 mmol/mol)
2. B8.0–9.0% (64–75 mmol/mol)
3. C6.5–7.5% (48–58 mmol/mol)
4. D5.7–6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol)

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ACalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
2. BSodium is retained and potassium is excreted
3. CGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
4. DSodium is excreted and potassium is retained

Uric acid in the blood is a breakdown product of:

1. AHemoglobin
2. BFats
3. CGlucose
4. DPurines

A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?

1. ABiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
2. BBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
3. CBiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing
4. DBiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells

In the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is about twice the usual adult range, and the other liver tests are normal. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA normal rise from placental ALP
2. BA sign of new bone cancer
3. CA sign of blocked bile ducts
4. DA sign of acute viral hepatitis

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
2. BSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
3. CRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
4. DStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
3. CPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia
4. DCentral diabetes insipidus

A patient with a serum albumin of 1.9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
2. BLow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases
3. CLow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain
4. DLow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster