Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down fat completely with oxygen
2. BBreak down glucose without enough oxygen
3. CStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
4. DBreak down protein in the liver for energy

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi kalsium serum keseluruhan?

1. AKira-kira 12–16 mg/dL (3.0–4.0 mmol/L)
2. BKira-kira 1.3–2.1 mg/dL (0.3–0.5 mmol/L)
3. CKira-kira 3.5–5.0 mg/dL (0.87–1.25 mmol/L)
4. DKira-kira 8.5–10.5 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L)

The serum total protein is made up mainly of:

1. AAlbumin and globulins
2. BSodium and chloride
3. CHemoglobin and iron
4. DGlucose and urea

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
2. BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it

Paras palung vankomisin berada di atas julat sasaran. Kesan advers manakah yang menjadi kebimbangan utama?

1. AKerosakan buah pinggang (nefrotoksisiti)
2. BGlukosa darah rendah (hipoglisemia)
3. CSembelit dan kembung perut
4. DKiraan platelet yang meningkat (trombositosis)

Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?

1. AAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level
2. BUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit
3. CThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
4. DThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. AFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron
2. BHemoglobin 9.6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
3. CPlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
4. DHemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min

A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
2. BSickle cell crisis with vaso-occlusion
3. CG6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
4. DIron-deficiency anemia from poor diet