Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. AStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
2. BBreak down glucose without enough oxygen
3. CBreak down protein in the liver for energy
4. DBreak down fat completely with oxygen

What is a "critical value" (panic value) in laboratory reporting?

1. AA result so abnormal that it may threaten life and needs prompt action
2. BA result that is normal but differs from the patient's last value
3. CAny result that is slightly outside the laboratory reference range
4. DA result that the laboratory could not measure because of a bad sample

A raised neutrophil count (neutrophilia) is most typical of:

1. AA mild viral cold
2. BHay fever and asthma
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
4. DAcute bacterial infection

How often is the INR usually checked when warfarin is first started?

1. AOnce a year, at a routine visit
2. BEvery hour, during the first week
3. COnly if bleeding occurs at home
4. DEvery few days, until it is stable

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium mempunyai INR 5.2 dan tiada pendarahan. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?

1. ABeri dos biasa dan semak semula dalam sebulan
2. BMenasihati pesakit supaya berhenti makan sayur-sayuran hijau mulai hari ini
3. CTahan dos warfarin dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
4. DBeri dos berganda

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ASerum calcium, because it falls sharply
2. BSerum sodium, because it rises quickly
3. CHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss
4. DBlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur

A patient with C. difficile diarrhea has a white cell count of 24 × 10³/µL and a creatinine that has risen to 2.1 mg/dL (186 µmol/L). What does this indicate?

1. ASuccessful response to treatment
2. BUnrelated chronic kidney disease
3. CSevere C. difficile infection
4. DMild infection needing no treatment

A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?

1. AHalve the dose and give it with a throat lozenge
2. BHold the clozapine and report the result at once
3. CGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month
4. DGive the dose with food to protect the stomach