Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the main purpose of a Gram stain?

1. ATo sort bacteria quickly into gram-positive or negative
2. BTo measure exactly how many bacteria are in the blood
3. CTo test which antibiotics a bacterium is sensitive to
4. DTo detect viruses in a sample of respiratory secretions

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 1.0–2.0
2. BAbout 7.35–7.45
3. CAbout 4.5–8.0
4. DAbout 9.0–11.0

The HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose over about which period?

1. AThe past 24 hours
2. BThe past 1–2 years
3. CThe past 2–3 months
4. DThe past 1–2 weeks

Which instruction is correct for a patient starting oral iron tablets?

1. AYour stools may turn dark green or black
2. BTake the tablet with an antacid to improve absorption
3. CYour urine will turn bright orange while you take it
4. DTake each tablet with milk to protect the stomach

A patient with joint aches has a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Which statement is correct?

1. AA positive ANA rules out all other autoimmune diseases
2. BA positive ANA proves the patient has rheumatoid arthritis
3. CA positive ANA means the patient has a viral infection
4. DA positive ANA supports lupus but does not diagnose it alone

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

1. AMagnesium
2. BUric acid
3. CSodium bicarbonate
4. DPhosphate

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AStrict fluid restriction
2. BAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
3. CLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
4. DOral glucose-lowering tablets

A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute pyelonephritis
2. BSimple cystitis
3. CGlomerulonephritis
4. DNephrotic syndrome