Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Ion manakah ialah anion utama dalam cecair di luar sel?

1. AFosfat
2. BKalium
3. CBikarbonat
4. DKlorida

What is the purpose of a type and crossmatch before a transfusion?

1. ATo find out how quickly the patient's blood forms a clot
2. BTo test the donor blood for bacterial contamination only
3. CTo measure how much iron is stored in the patient's bone marrow
4. DTo check that donor blood is compatible with the patient's blood

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup A, Rh negative
2. BGroup B, Rh positive
3. CGroup AB, Rh positive
4. DGroup O, Rh negative

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
2. BTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
3. CTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
4. DTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein

Seorang pesakit mempunyai kiraan platelet 18 × 10³/µL. Langkah kejururawatan manakah yang sesuai?

1. AGalakkan memberus gigi dengan benang dua kali sehari dan bercukur dengan bilah pencukur yang tajam
2. BBeri aspirin yang ditetapkan apabila pesakit sakit kepala
3. CBerus gigi lembut, pencukur elektrik dan tiada suntikan intramuskular
4. DAmbil suhu melalui rektum setiap empat jam untuk ketepatan

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ATake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets
2. BUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
3. CCrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
4. DTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption

Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?

1. AHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
2. BThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery
3. CHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop
4. DThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water

The nurse teaches a patient starting lithium. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather"
2. B"I will check with the pharmacist before taking ibuprofen"
3. C"I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
4. D"I will tell my doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea"