Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the usual diagnostic cut-off for diabetes on a fasting plasma glucose test, when confirmed on a second test?

1. A110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L) or higher
2. B100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) or higher
3. C126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher
4. D200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher

Apakah yang diukur oleh paras "puncak" (peak) sesuatu ubat?

1. AParas di mana ubat menjadi toksik
2. BParas purata sepanjang seminggu
3. CKepekatan darah terendah sebelum dos seterusnya
4. DKepekatan darah tertinggi selepas dos

Apakah julat terapeutik yang lazim disebut bagi valproat serum keseluruhan (asid valproik) dalam epilepsi?

1. AKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mcg/mL (mg/L)
2. BKira-kira 5–10 mcg/mL (mg/L)
3. CKira-kira 500–1000 mcg/mL (mg/L)
4. DKira-kira 50–100 mcg/mL (mg/L)

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
3. CMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
4. DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water

A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3.0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
2. BReport it to the surgical team before surgery
3. CRepeat the test after the surgery is finished
4. DSend the patient to surgery without comment

A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?

1. AA rise in serum potassium
2. BA fall in blood glucose
3. CA rise in serum uric acid
4. DA fall in serum calcium

Seorang pesakit tanpa masalah buah pinggang dan ECG normal mempunyai kalium 6.2 mEq/L. Makmal mengulas bahawa sampel itu mengalami hemolisis. Apakah tafsiran yang terbaik?

1. ARawat serta-merta dengan insulin dan glukosa tanpa pemeriksaan lanjut
2. BKalium pasti normal dan tidak memerlukan tindakan susulan
3. CKeputusan mungkin tinggi secara palsu; nilai pesakit dan sediakan sampel ulangan
4. DPesakit mengalami kegagalan buah pinggang

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from COPD
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
3. CEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
4. DSimple fasting ketosis only