Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. ASevere diarrhea
2. BKidney failure
3. CRepeated vomiting
4. DLoop diuretic use

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors
2. BThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
3. CThe patient is taking too much warfarin
4. DFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body

What is a typical adult reference range for total serum bilirubin?

1. AAbout 0.3–1.2 mg/dL (5–21 µmol/L)
2. BAbout 3–12 mg/dL (51–205 µmol/L)
3. CAbout 10–20 mg/dL (171–342 µmol/L)
4. DAbout 0.03–0.1 mg/dL (0.5–1.7 µmol/L)

A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?

1. AKetones in the urine
2. BProtein in the urine
3. CGlucose in the urine
4. DNitrites in the urine

A patient takes low-dose methotrexate weekly for rheumatoid arthritis. Which laboratory tests are monitored regularly?

1. ASerum lithium, sodium and urine specific gravity
2. BComplete blood count, liver tests and kidney function
3. CTroponin, creatine kinase and myoglobin
4. DSerum amylase, lipase and blood ketones

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
2. BEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
3. CGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
4. DEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated

Semasa infusi magnesium sulfat IV, penilaian manakah yang paling baik mengesan ketoksikan lebih awal?

1. AWarna kulit dan pengisian semula kapilari setiap jam
2. BBunyi usus dan lilitan abdomen
3. CGlukosa darah dan saiz anak mata setiap jam
4. DRefleks lutut, kadar pernafasan dan keluaran air kencing

Paras litium 1.0 mEq/L diambil 2 jam selepas dos pagi pesakit, dan pemreskripsi merancang untuk menaikkan dos. Apakah yang patut ditunjukkan oleh jururawat?

1. AParas terlalu rendah, maka peningkatan besar jelas selamat
2. BSampel diambil terlalu awal selepas dos, maka ia bukan paras yang sah
3. CParas litium boleh diambil pada bila-bila masa sepanjang hari tanpa menjejaskan keputusan
4. DParas itu toksik, maka litium patut dihentikan selama-lamanya