Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah yang diukur oleh paras "puncak" (peak) sesuatu ubat?

1. AKepekatan darah terendah sebelum dos seterusnya
2. BParas purata sepanjang seminggu
3. CKepekatan darah tertinggi selepas dos
4. DParas di mana ubat menjadi toksik

Why is serum creatinine a better marker of kidney function than BUN?

1. AIt is not filtered by the kidneys, so its level stays very stable
2. BIt is less affected by diet, hydration and bleeding in the gut
3. CIt is made by the liver, so it rises in every kind of illness
4. DIt is affected mainly by protein intake, which is easy to control

Serum amylase is less specific than lipase for pancreatitis because amylase also comes from:

1. AThe salivary glands
2. BThe bone marrow
3. CThe heart muscle
4. DThe thyroid gland

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
2. BTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
3. CTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
4. DTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion

A patient with acute pancreatitis has muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which laboratory value should the nurse check?

1. ASerum amylase
2. BSerum sodium
3. CSerum chloride
4. DSerum calcium

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
2. BThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
3. CThe virus has been completely cured and removed
4. DThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too

Seorang pesakit dengan gangguan penggunaan alkohol mempunyai kalium 3.0 mEq/L walaupun dua hari penggantian. Magnesium ialah 0.9 mEq/L. Apakah langkah seterusnya yang paling sesuai?

1. AGanti magnesium; magnesium rendah menyebabkan buah pinggang terus kehilangan kalium
2. BHentikan semua penggantian elektrolit selama 24 jam dan semak semula
3. CGandakan dos kalium dan tinggalkan magnesium untuk kemudian
4. DBeri diuretik untuk membuang lebihan magnesium

Seorang pesakit ketoasidosis diabetes menerima infusi insulin IV. Nilai makmal manakah yang mesti dipantau dengan sangat rapi?

1. AHemoglobin, kerana insulin memecahkan sel darah merah
2. BAlbumin, kerana insulin menyebabkan hati berhenti menghasilkannya
3. CNatrium, kerana insulin menyebabkan buah pinggang merembeskannya dalam jumlah yang sangat besar
4. DKalium, kerana insulin memindahkannya ke dalam sel dan ia boleh jatuh dengan pantas