Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt lowers it
3. CIt has no effect
4. DIt raises it

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
2. BUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
3. COnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

What does a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) show?

1. AInflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
2. BA low level of iron stored in the bone marrow
3. CDamage to heart muscle within the past few hours
4. DA specific infection of the urinary tract by bacteria

A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?

1. AA raised ALT level
2. BA positive IgM anti-HBc
3. CAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
4. DA positive HBsAg test

A pregnant woman's blood type is O Rh-negative, and her antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) is negative. What is usually offered at about 28 weeks?

1. ADaily oral iron and folic acid supplements only
2. BAnti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
3. CAn IV dose of vitamin K given for the fetus
4. DA transfusion of group O Rh-positive red cells

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
2. BGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
3. CEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
4. DEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated

Mengapakah kreatinin yang normal boleh mengelirukan pada warga emas yang lemah dengan jisim otot yang rendah?

1. AKreatinin yang normal sentiasa membuktikan fungsi buah pinggang yang normal
2. BOtot yang kurang menghasilkan kreatinin yang kurang, menyembunyikan fungsi buah pinggang yang berkurang
3. CWarga emas sentiasa mempunyai kreatinin lebih tinggi daripada orang muda
4. DParas kreatinin tidak bergantung pada jisim otot sama sekali

A patient has a continuous heparin infusion for a pulmonary embolism. A new nurse plans to adjust the infusion using today's INR of 1.1. What should the experienced nurse explain?

1. AThe INR is the correct test, and 1.1 means heparin is therapeutic
2. BThe INR of 1.1 means the heparin rate must be doubled at once
3. CHeparin is adjusted using the aPTT or anti-Xa level, not the INR
4. DHeparin needs no laboratory monitoring once the infusion is started