Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Ujian air kencing manakah yang digunakan untuk menyaring pesakit diabetes bagi kerosakan buah pinggang awal?

1. AGraviti tentu air kencing
2. BUjian kehamilan air kencing
3. CNisbah albumin-kepada-kreatinin air kencing (ACR)
4. DKultur air kencing untuk bakteria

Which form of bilirubin rises mainly when red cells are broken down faster than normal?

1. AStool bilirubin
2. BConjugated (direct)
3. CUrine bilirubin
4. DUnconjugated (indirect)

Which blood group is the universal donor for red blood cells in an emergency?

1. AGroup A, Rh negative
2. BGroup O, Rh negative
3. CGroup AB, Rh positive
4. DGroup B, Rh positive

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
2. BA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
3. CGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
4. DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth

A patient with type 1 diabetes has the flu, is eating little and has a glucose of 290 mg/dL (16.1 mmol/L). Which advice is correct?

1. AStop all insulin until you are eating normally again
2. BKeep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
3. CWait 3 days before checking the glucose again
4. DDrink only water and avoid all carbohydrate foods

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
2. BEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
3. CEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
4. DGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
2. BShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
3. CThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
4. DHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high

A health care worker's hepatitis B tests show: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc positive. What does this mean?

1. APast infection that has resolved, with immunity
2. BCurrent chronic hepatitis B infection
3. CImmunity from vaccination only, never infected
4. DNot immune and never exposed to the virus