Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi kreatinin serum?

1. AKira-kira 10–20 mg/dL
2. BKira-kira 3.5–5.0 mg/dL
3. CKira-kira 135–145 mg/dL
4. DKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mg/dL

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors
2. BThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
3. CThe patient is taking too much warfarin
4. DFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body

Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

1. AThe bladder lining breaks down any glucose that reaches the urine
2. BThe glomeruli do not filter glucose out of the blood at any level
3. CGlucose is changed into ketones before it reaches the urine
4. DThe tubules reabsorb all filtered glucose at normal blood levels

A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?

1. AThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
2. BThe infection has spread to another organ
3. CThe patient has developed a new infection
4. DThe inflammation is settling with treatment

Selepas pembedahan pituitari, seorang pesakit mengeluarkan kira-kira 400 mL air kencing pucat sejam dengan graviti tentu 1.002, dan natrium telah meningkat kepada 149 mEq/L. Keadaan manakah yang paling mungkin?

1. ADiabetes insipidus
2. BKecederaan buah pinggang akut dengan oliguria
3. CHiperglisemia dengan ketoasidosis
4. DSIADH

A patient with type 2 diabetes starts prednisone each morning. When is the glucose most likely to be highest?

1. AThe glucose will not change
2. BIn the afternoon and evening
3. CIn the early morning, before the dose
4. DAt midnight only

A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?

1. AGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week
2. BHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
3. CGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
4. DGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. APlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
2. BHemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
3. CHemoglobin 9.6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron