Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Keputusan makmal manakah yang paling rapat dikaitkan dengan kulit dan mata yang kuning (jaundis)?

1. ABilirubin serum yang meningkat
2. BKalium serum yang meningkat
3. CKalsium serum yang rendah
4. DKiraan platelet yang rendah

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AGlucose in plasma
2. BPlasma albumin
3. CSodium and its anions
4. DUrea (from BUN)

What does the red cell distribution width (RDW) describe?

1. AHow long red cells survive in the blood
2. BHow fast the red cells settle in a tube
3. CHow many red cells are young cells
4. DHow much the red cells vary in size

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
2. BThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
3. CThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
4. DThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
2. BGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
3. COffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
4. DEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
2. BSalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
3. CMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
4. DSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. AStable angina with a total cholesterol of 245 mg/dL (6.3 mmol/L)
2. BHeart failure with a BNP lower than the result on admission
3. CChest pain with troponin rising from the first to the second sample
4. DHypertension with a potassium of 3.6 mEq/L on a thiazide

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. ARepeat the blood count in one year
2. BGive iron and do no further tests at all
3. CLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
4. DStart vitamin B₁₂ injections