Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 4.5–8.0
2. BAbout 7.35–7.45
3. CAbout 1.0–2.0
4. DAbout 9.0–11.0

A serum sodium of 151 mEq/L is called:

1. AHyperkalemia
2. BHypernatremia
3. CHyponatremia
4. DHypercalcemia

Which statement about HDL cholesterol is correct?

1. AIt should ideally be kept below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L)
2. BHigher levels are the main cause of plaque in the arteries
3. CIt is the same as the fasting triglyceride level
4. DHigher levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. APhosphate
2. BMagnesium
3. CSodium
4. DChloride

A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?

1. AEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
2. BOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
3. CGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
4. DEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids

Seorang pesakit mempunyai natrium 152 mEq/L. Dapatan manakah yang dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. AKedutan otot dengan tanda Trousseau yang positif
2. BPertambahan berat badan dengan buku lali bengkak
3. CDahaga, membran mukus kering dan kegelisahan
4. DBradikardia dengan gelombang T runcing

After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?

1. AHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
2. BAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
3. CLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
4. DFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload

A patient on stable digoxin starts amiodarone. A week later, the patient has nausea and visual changes, and the digoxin level is above the range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe patient has started a viral illness
2. BAmiodarone has raised the digoxin level
3. CAmiodarone has lowered potassium only
4. DDigoxin has raised the amiodarone level