Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Lactate is mainly produced when cells:

1. ABreak down protein in the liver for energy
2. BBreak down glucose without enough oxygen
3. CStore glucose as glycogen in the muscles
4. DBreak down fat completely with oxygen

In iron-deficiency anemia, the transferrin saturation is usually:

1. AVariable
2. BHigh
3. CNormal
4. DLow

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe kidneys are leaking protein
2. BThe body is burning fat for energy
3. CThe bladder has a bacterial infection
4. DThe liver is making too much glucose

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
2. BSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
3. CRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
4. DAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid

Bilakah pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik patut mengambil pengikat fosfat seperti kalsium asetat atau sevelamer?

1. ABersama hidangan
2. BPada waktu tidur dengan perut kosong
3. CHanya apabila pesakit berasa tidak sihat
4. DHanya sekali seminggu

Seorang pesakit sirosis mempunyai albumin 2.2 g/dL (22 g/L). Dapatan manakah yang paling berkaitan?

1. AEdema dan asites
2. BHiperkalemia
3. CTekanan darah tinggi
4. DPeningkatan keluaran air kencing

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypoglycemia from fasting
2. BAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
3. CMalignant hyperthermia
4. DHypovolemic shock

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA normal finding in sickle cell disease
2. BAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
3. CIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
4. DA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones