Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi natrium serum?

1. A150–165 mEq/L
2. B3.5–5.0 mEq/L
3. C135–145 mEq/L
4. D95–105 mEq/L

Apakah julat terapeutik yang lazim disebut bagi valproat serum keseluruhan (asid valproik) dalam epilepsi?

1. AKira-kira 500–1000 mcg/mL (mg/L)
2. BKira-kira 5–10 mcg/mL (mg/L)
3. CKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mcg/mL (mg/L)
4. DKira-kira 50–100 mcg/mL (mg/L)

Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi nitrogen urea darah (BUN)?

1. AKira-kira 7–20 mg/dL (urea 2.5–7.1 mmol/L)
2. BKira-kira 70–99 mg/dL (urea 25–35 mmol/L)
3. CKira-kira 0.6–1.2 mg/dL (urea 0.2–0.4 mmol/L)
4. DKira-kira 135–145 mg/dL (urea 48–52 mmol/L)

A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?

1. AA fall in serum potassium
2. BA rise in serum calcium
3. CA rise in serum sodium
4. DA fall in blood glucose

Seorang pesakit mempunyai kiraan neutrofil mutlak 0.4 × 10³/µL. Langkah manakah yang sesuai?

1. AMembawa bunga segar ke dalam bilik untuk menaikkan semangat pesakit
2. BMengambil suhu melalui rektum kerana bacaannya lebih tepat
3. CBerkongsi bilik dengan pesakit lain yang dirawat untuk pneumonia
4. DKebersihan tangan yang ketat, pemeriksaan suhu dan tiada pelawat yang mengalami jangkitan

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. AA low temperature and slow heart rate
2. BHives and itching without other signs
3. CBack pain with dark red urine output
4. DCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. AGive iron and do no further tests at all
2. BStart vitamin B₁₂ injections
3. CLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
4. DRepeat the blood count in one year

A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?

1. AInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
2. BRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
3. CNormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
4. DInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day