Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

What is a typical reference range for the reticulocyte count in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.01–0.05% of red cells
2. BAbout 0.5–2% of red cells
3. CAbout 40–50% of red cells
4. DAbout 10–20% of red cells

In many US nursing references, what is the commonly cited therapeutic range for serum lithium in maintenance therapy?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 10–20 mEq/L
3. CAbout 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
4. DAbout 2.0–3.0 mEq/L

The HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose over about which period?

1. AThe past 1–2 weeks
2. BThe past 2–3 months
3. CThe past 1–2 years
4. DThe past 24 hours

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA low serum magnesium
2. BA high serum calcium
3. CA high serum potassium
4. DA low serum sodium

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ASave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
2. BHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
3. CCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
4. DSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. ASevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
2. BHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
3. CThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
4. DThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day

A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?

1. AHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
2. BHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high
3. CHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
4. DHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working

Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?

1. AThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery
2. BThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water
3. CHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
4. DHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop