Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A raised eosinophil count is most typical of:

1. AAllergic conditions and parasitic infections
2. BAcute bacterial pneumonia and sepsis
3. CViral infections such as glandular fever
4. DAcute blood loss after trauma

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the kidney tubules
2. BIn the urinary bladder
3. CIn the urethra
4. DIn the ureters

Seorang warga emas ditemui di lantai selepas berbaring di situ selama berjam-jam. Ujian darah manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan pemecahan otot rangka (rabdomiolisis)?

1. AAlbumin serum
2. BLipase serum
3. CHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
4. DKreatina kinase (CK)

Nilai makmal manakah yang paling baik menggambarkan punca kekeliruan pada pesakit dengan penyakit hati yang teruk dan getaran mengibas?

1. ATroponin yang meningkat
2. BLipase serum yang rendah
3. CKalium serum rendah sahaja
4. DAmmonia serum yang meningkat

Mengapakah pesakit dengan kegagalan hati boleh mempunyai INR yang meningkat tanpa mengambil warfarin?

1. AAlbumin ialah faktor pembekuan, dan parasnya menurun
2. BBilirubin memusnahkan faktor pembekuan secara langsung
3. CBuah pinggang berhenti menyingkirkan faktor pembekuan daripada darah
4. DHati menghasilkan kebanyakan faktor pembekuan, maka pengeluarannya menurun

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
2. BThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
3. CSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
4. DThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis

A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

1. ARed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
2. BHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
3. CWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick
4. DLow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity

A patient with sepsis has the following new results. Which set best shows organ dysfunction?

1. ACalcium 9.4 mg/dL, phosphate 3.5 mg/dL, magnesium 1.9 mEq/L
2. BPlatelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised
3. CHemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, sodium 138 mEq/L, glucose 105 mg/dL
4. DWBC 11.5 × 10³/µL, potassium 4.2 mEq/L, albumin 3.8 g/dL