Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) means that the red cells are:

1. ALarger than normal (macrocytic)
2. BShaped like a sickle
3. CMore numerous than normal
4. DPaler than normal (hypochromic)

In many US nursing references, what is the commonly cited therapeutic range for serum lithium in maintenance therapy?

1. AAbout 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
2. BAbout 2.0–3.0 mEq/L
3. CAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
4. DAbout 10–20 mEq/L

What does a "culture and sensitivity" test of a sample show?

1. AWhich organism grows and which antibiotics work on it
2. BHow many white cells are present in the sample
3. CThe amount of antibiotic in the patient's blood
4. DWhether the patient is allergic to an antibiotic

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney
2. BNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks
3. CThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs
4. DMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly

Faktor manakah yang paling mungkin meningkatkan paras litium pesakit?

1. AMengambil setiap dos bersama hidangan dan bukan sebelumnya
2. BDehidrasi atau penurunan mendadak dalam pengambilan natrium
3. CMinum lebih banyak cecair daripada biasa semasa cuaca panas
4. DMakan lebih banyak garam daripada biasa selama beberapa hari

Seorang pesakit dengan infusi heparin mempunyai aPTT 110 saat; sasaran protokol ialah 1.5–2.5 kali kawalan 30 saat. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ATeruskan tanpa perubahan dan ulang aPTT pada pagi esok
2. BTingkatkan kadar infusi, kerana keputusan berada di atas julat sasaran
3. CBeri vitamin K seperti yang ditetapkan dan teruskan infusi
4. DIkut protokol heparin, periksa pendarahan dan maklumkan pembekal penjagaan

A patient taking isoniazid for latent TB reports nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine. The ALT is five times the upper limit of normal. What is the best action?

1. AHold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
2. BDouble the dose to finish the treatment course more quickly
3. CReassure the patient that dark urine is a harmless drug effect
4. DContinue the isoniazid and give it with food to settle the stomach

A patient's total calcium is 7.6 mg/dL and the albumin is 2.0 g/dL. Using the common correction (add 0.8 mg/dL for each 1 g/dL that albumin is below 4.0), what is the corrected calcium?

1. A6.0 mg/dL, well below the normal range
2. B11.6 mg/dL, above the normal range
3. C9.2 mg/dL, within the normal range
4. D7.6 mg/dL, below the normal range