Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. AProtein is leaking through the glomeruli
2. BRed blood cells are present in the urine
3. CBilirubin is being passed in the urine
4. DWhite blood cells are present in the urine

Bilakah paras palung vankomisin diambil?

1. ASejurus selepas infusi selesai berjalan
2. BPada bila-bila masa yang sesuai sepanjang hari, tanpa mengira bila dos perlu diberikan
3. CSejurus sebelum dos seterusnya, biasanya dalam masa 30 minit daripadanya
4. DDua jam selepas infusi bermula

Which drug commonly causes a low serum potassium?

1. AAmiloride
2. BLisinopril
3. CSpironolactone
4. DFurosemide

Seorang pesakit mempunyai cecair IV yang mengalir ke lengan bawah kiri. Di manakah jururawat patut mengambil sampel darah?

1. ADari lengan yang bertentangan
2. BDari kanul IV semasa cecair mengalir
3. CDari tempat tepat di atas tapak IV pada lengan yang sama
4. DDari mana-mana vena, kerana cecair tidak menjejaskan keputusan

An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?

1. AThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail
2. BThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
3. CThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
4. DThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
2. BIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
3. CThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
4. DIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months

A nursing student has a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis, no symptoms and a normal chest X-ray. What does this most likely mean?

1. AA false result, as the test does not detect TB
2. BPast BCG vaccination only, with no infection
3. CActive pulmonary TB, which is contagious
4. DLatent TB infection, which is not contagious

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. AA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining
2. BMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine
3. CBleeding is coming from the bladder lining
4. DThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood