Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt raises it
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt has no effect

What does the red cell distribution width (RDW) describe?

1. AHow much the red cells vary in size
2. BHow fast the red cells settle in a tube
3. CHow long red cells survive in the blood
4. DHow many red cells are young cells

Where is urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), made?

1. AIn the liver, from the breakdown of protein
2. BIn the bone marrow, from old red blood cells
3. CIn the kidneys, from the breakdown of glucose
4. DIn the muscles, from the breakdown of creatine

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AAny result outside the range always means disease is present
2. BReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
3. CRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
4. DReference ranges include every healthy person without exception

Mengapakah pesakit dengan kegagalan hati boleh mempunyai INR yang meningkat tanpa mengambil warfarin?

1. ABilirubin memusnahkan faktor pembekuan secara langsung
2. BAlbumin ialah faktor pembekuan, dan parasnya menurun
3. CBuah pinggang berhenti menyingkirkan faktor pembekuan daripada darah
4. DHati menghasilkan kebanyakan faktor pembekuan, maka pengeluarannya menurun

In the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is about twice the usual adult range, and the other liver tests are normal. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA normal rise from placental ALP
2. BA sign of acute viral hepatitis
3. CA sign of new bone cancer
4. DA sign of blocked bile ducts

After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?

1. AAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
2. BLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
3. CHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
4. DFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. AIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
2. BCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
3. CNo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
4. DFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment