Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Which drug is routinely monitored with blood levels because of its narrow therapeutic range?

1. AAmoxicillin
2. BLithium
3. COmeprazole
4. DLoratadine

What does the reticulocyte count measure?

1. APlatelets that are larger than normal in size
2. BYoung red blood cells recently released from the bone marrow
3. COld red blood cells that are being removed by the spleen
4. DImmature white blood cells released during infection

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
2. BRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
3. CGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
4. DProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium mempunyai INR 5.2 dan tiada pendarahan. Apakah tindakan terbaik jururawat?

1. ATahan dos warfarin dan maklumkan pemreskripsi
2. BBeri dos biasa dan semak semula dalam sebulan
3. CBeri dos berganda
4. DMenasihati pesakit supaya berhenti makan sayur-sayuran hijau mulai hari ini

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3.8 mEq/L (1.9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?

1. ALoop diuretics such as furosemide
2. BProton pump inhibitors taken long term
3. CExcess alcohol use over many years
4. DMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids

A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?

1. AThe left arm
2. BEither arm equally
3. CThe right hand
4. DThe right arm

A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?

1. AHemolysis caused by the gallstones
2. BA stone blocking the common bile duct
3. CUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
4. DGilbert syndrome triggered by pain

Seorang pesakit dengan natrium 132 mEq/L dan glukosa darah 600 mg/dL (33.3 mmol/L) dimasukkan ke hospital. Mengapakah nilai natrium ditafsir dengan berhati-hati?

1. AKeputusan natrium mesti ralat makmal
2. BGlukosa tinggi menarik air ke dalam darah, mencairkan natrium
3. CGlukosa tinggi menaikkan natrium yang diukur secara palsu, maka sebenarnya ia lebih rendah
4. DGlukosa tidak mempunyai kesan pada natrium yang diukur