Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A raised procalcitonin level most strongly suggests:

1. AAn allergic reaction
2. BA bacterial infection
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DA viral common cold

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) means that the red cells are:

1. AMore numerous than normal
2. BShaped like a sickle
3. CLarger than normal (macrocytic)
4. DPaler than normal (hypochromic)

Nilai HbA1c manakah yang memenuhi ambang diagnostik lazim untuk diabetes?

1. A6.5% (48 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
2. B4.5% (26 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
3. C5.5% (37 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
4. D5.0% (31 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi

Mengapakah pesakit dengan kegagalan hati boleh mempunyai INR yang meningkat tanpa mengambil warfarin?

1. ABuah pinggang berhenti menyingkirkan faktor pembekuan daripada darah
2. BHati menghasilkan kebanyakan faktor pembekuan, maka pengeluarannya menurun
3. CBilirubin memusnahkan faktor pembekuan secara langsung
4. DAlbumin ialah faktor pembekuan, dan parasnya menurun

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
2. BTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
3. CTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
4. DTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
2. BTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets
3. CUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
4. DCrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed

A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute pyelonephritis
2. BNephrotic syndrome
3. CSimple cystitis
4. DGlomerulonephritis

Seorang pesakit tanpa masalah buah pinggang dan ECG normal mempunyai kalium 6.2 mEq/L. Makmal mengulas bahawa sampel itu mengalami hemolisis. Apakah tafsiran yang terbaik?

1. APesakit mengalami kegagalan buah pinggang
2. BKalium pasti normal dan tidak memerlukan tindakan susulan
3. CKeputusan mungkin tinggi secara palsu; nilai pesakit dan sediakan sampel ulangan
4. DRawat serta-merta dengan insulin dan glukosa tanpa pemeriksaan lanjut