Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan
Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit percuma untuk dicetak: 8 soalan dari mudah hingga tahap peperiksaan, dengan skema jawapan. Cetak atau simpan sebagai PDF.
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Nama: ____________________ Tarikh: ____________
1.Mudah
Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi magnesium serum?
AKira-kira 1.3–2.1 mEq/L (0.65–1.05 mmol/L)
BKira-kira 3.5–5.0 mEq/L (1.75–2.5 mmol/L)
CKira-kira 6.0–8.0 mEq/L (3.0–4.0 mmol/L)
DKira-kira 0.3–0.7 mEq/L (0.15–0.35 mmol/L)
2.Mudah
Apakah julat rujukan dewasa yang lazim bagi kalsium serum keseluruhan?
AKira-kira 1.3–2.1 mg/dL (0.3–0.5 mmol/L)
BKira-kira 12–16 mg/dL (3.0–4.0 mmol/L)
CKira-kira 3.5–5.0 mg/dL (0.87–1.25 mmol/L)
DKira-kira 8.5–10.5 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L)
3.Mudah
Apakah yang diukur oleh paras "puncak" (peak) sesuatu ubat?
AKepekatan darah terendah sebelum dos seterusnya
BKepekatan darah tertinggi selepas dos
CParas purata sepanjang seminggu
DParas di mana ubat menjadi toksik
4.Sederhana
Selepas pembedahan pituitari, seorang pesakit mengeluarkan kira-kira 400 mL air kencing pucat sejam dengan graviti tentu 1.002, dan natrium telah meningkat kepada 149 mEq/L. Keadaan manakah yang paling mungkin?
AHiperglisemia dengan ketoasidosis
BKecederaan buah pinggang akut dengan oliguria
CSIADH
DDiabetes insipidus
5.Sederhana
Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
ACrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
BBack pain with dark red urine output
CHives and itching without other signs
DA low temperature and slow heart rate
6.Sederhana
A patient without symptoms has a fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL (7.3 mmol/L) on Monday and 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L) on Thursday. What does this show?
AThe results meet the criteria for diabetes
BThe results show reactive hypoglycemia
CThe results show prediabetes only
DThe results are within the normal fasting range
7.Sukar
A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?
AHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
BThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
CThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
DShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
8.Sukar
A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?
AIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
BA lab error from lipemic samples
CAn unrelated new kidney stone
DA resolving, mild pancreatitis
Kunci jawapan
1. A · Kira-kira 1.3–2.1 mEq/L (0.65–1.05 mmol/L)
2. D · Kira-kira 8.5–10.5 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L)
3. B · Kepekatan darah tertinggi selepas dos
4. D · Diabetes insipidus
5. A · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
6. A · The results meet the criteria for diabetes
7. D · Short red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
8. A · Increasingly severe pancreatitis
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