Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Which ECG change is linked to hypercalcemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BA prolonged QT interval
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DA shortened QT interval

What does a raised D-dimer level show?

1. AFibrin clots are being formed and broken down in the body
2. BThe liver is no longer able to make clotting factors
3. CThe platelet count is too low to stop bleeding
4. DThe patient is taking too much warfarin

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt increases calcium loss in the urine
2. BIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut
3. CIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells
4. DIt increases calcium absorption from the gut

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
2. BFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
3. CFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
4. DFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
2. BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
3. CSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
4. DRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
2. BThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
3. CThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
4. DThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. ADisseminated intravascular coagulation
2. BHemophilia A
3. CAcute leukemia
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil warfarin dengan INR stabil 2.4 memulakan kursus antibiotik seperti siprofloksasin. Seminggu kemudian INR ialah 4.6. Apakah penjelasan yang paling mungkin?

1. ARalat makmal ialah satu-satunya penjelasan yang mungkin
2. BInteraksi ubat yang meningkatkan kesan warfarin
3. CAntibiotik telah menghilangkan keperluan pesakit untuk antikoagulasi
4. DPesakit telah makan lebih banyak makanan kaya vitamin K