Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi magnesium serum yang tinggi?

1. ARefleks tendon dalam berkurang atau tiada
2. BKeinginan kuat untuk minum air
3. CRefleks yang terlalu aktif dan kedutan otot
4. DKekejangan karpal apabila kaf dikembungkan

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin
2. BAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
3. CThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
4. DThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample

Apakah yang diukur oleh paras "puncak" (peak) sesuatu ubat?

1. AParas di mana ubat menjadi toksik
2. BKepekatan darah tertinggi selepas dos
3. CParas purata sepanjang seminggu
4. DKepekatan darah terendah sebelum dos seterusnya

A patient without symptoms has a fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL (7.3 mmol/L) on Monday and 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L) on Thursday. What does this show?

1. AThe results show prediabetes only
2. BThe results are within the normal fasting range
3. CThe results show reactive hypoglycemia
4. DThe results meet the criteria for diabetes

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
2. BRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
3. CReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
4. DAny result outside the range always means disease is present

A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?

1. AAfter the symptoms have fully settled
2. BBefore the first dose of antibiotic
3. CAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
4. DAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment

A patient without diabetes in the ICU with sepsis has a glucose of 260 mg/dL (14.4 mmol/L) and an HbA1c of 5.2%. What is the best interpretation?

1. AType 1 diabetes from autoimmune damage
2. BLong-standing undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
3. CStress hyperglycemia from acute illness
4. DA meter error, because HbA1c is normal

A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
2. BHemophilia A
3. CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
4. DAcute leukemia