Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test means:

1. AThe person had hepatitis A in the past
2. BThe person is immune from vaccination only
3. CThe person has never met the virus
4. DThe person currently has hepatitis B infection

Apabila kaf tekanan darah dikembungkan pada lengan, tangan pesakit mengalami kekejangan dengan pergelangan tangan terlentur. Gangguan elektrolit manakah yang dicadangkan oleh tanda ini?

1. AHipokalsemia
2. BHipernatremia
3. CHiperkalsemia
4. DHiperkalemia

Which fasting triglyceride level is commonly described as normal?

1. ABelow 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
2. BAbove 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
3. CBetween 200 and 499 mg/dL (2.3–5.6 mmol/L)
4. DAbove 1,000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L)

Seorang pesakit yang muntah selama dua hari mempunyai BUN 32 mg/dL (urea 11.4 mmol/L) dan kreatinin normal. Apakah punca yang paling mungkin?

1. ALebihan cecair
2. BDiet rendah protein
3. CKegagalan hati
4. DDehidrasi

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ACrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
2. BTake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
3. CUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day
4. DTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets

Paras palung vankomisin berada di atas julat sasaran. Kesan advers manakah yang menjadi kebimbangan utama?

1. AKerosakan buah pinggang (nefrotoksisiti)
2. BSembelit dan kembung perut
3. CKiraan platelet yang meningkat (trombositosis)
4. DGlukosa darah rendah (hipoglisemia)

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil diuretik tiazid mempunyai natrium 129 mEq/L, kalium 3.2 mEq/L dan berasa lemah. Penjelasan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AKeputusan ini tipikal bagi kegagalan buah pinggang
2. BPesakit mengalami lebihan cecair daripada cecair IV sahaja
3. CPesakit menghidap hiperaldosteronisme primer dengan natrium tinggi
4. DDiuretik menyebabkan kehilangan natrium dan kalium

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and cold intolerance. The free T₄ is low and the TSH is low. What does this pattern suggest?

1. AHyperthyroidism from overactivity of the thyroid gland
2. BSecondary (central) hypothyroidism from pituitary failure
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism from failure of the thyroid gland
4. DNormal thyroid function with a laboratory error in T₄