Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

For many non-pregnant adults with diabetes, which HbA1c target is commonly recommended?

1. ABelow 10% (86 mmol/mol)
2. BAbove 9% (75 mmol/mol)
3. CBelow 7% (53 mmol/mol)
4. DBelow 4% (20 mmol/mol)

What does a "culture and sensitivity" test of a sample show?

1. AThe amount of antibiotic in the patient's blood
2. BHow many white cells are present in the sample
3. CWhich organism grows and which antibiotics work on it
4. DWhether the patient is allergic to an antibiotic

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 135–145 mEq/L
2. BAbout 22–28 mEq/L
3. CAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
4. DAbout 98–106 mEq/L

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. ARemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip
2. BPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
3. CDisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
4. DAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe

A patient taking furosemide has a potassium of 3.3 mEq/L and is told to eat more potassium-rich foods. Which snack is the best choice?

1. AWhite bread
2. BDried apricots
3. CRice cakes
4. DPlain crackers

Bagaimanakah kalsium glukonat IV membantu pesakit dengan hiperkalemia teruk?

1. AIa mengikat kalium dalam usus supaya dikeluarkan dalam najis
2. BIa meningkatkan perkumuhan kalium oleh buah pinggang
3. CIa memindahkan kalium daripada darah ke dalam sel
4. DIa menstabilkan membran sel jantung tanpa menurunkan kalium

A patient on lithium has had vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days and has been taking ibuprofen. They now have a coarse tremor and confusion. The lithium level is 2.2 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation and action?

1. AA low level; ask for the lithium dose to be raised
2. BA normal level; continue lithium as prescribed
3. CLithium toxicity; hold lithium and report urgently
4. DIbuprofen side effects only; give it with food

A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?

1. AGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once
2. BStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only
3. CStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal
4. DAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin