Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

1. AConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
2. BUrine with a large amount of glucose
3. CNormal urine after drinking extra water
4. DVery dilute urine from high fluid intake

Which findings are typical of a low serum magnesium?

1. ALoss of reflexes, flushing and slow breathing
2. BTremor, hyperreflexia and cardiac arrhythmias
3. CJaundice, itching and pale stools
4. DPolyuria, extreme thirst and pale urine

A patient has a hemoglobin of 19.5 g/dL (195 g/L) and a hematocrit of 58%. Which term describes this?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BPancytopenia (all cells low)
3. CThrombocytopenia (low platelets)
4. DPolycythemia (erythrocytosis)

Sebelum memberi kalium klorida IV yang ditetapkan, penilaian manakah yang paling penting?

1. ATurgor kulit pada lengan bawah
2. BSaiz anak mata dan tindak balas terhadap cahaya
3. CPendengaran di kedua-dua telinga
4. DKeluaran air kencing dan fungsi buah pinggang

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. AUsing the smallest needle available for every patient
2. BForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
3. CLeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
4. DGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them

A patient taking furosemide has a potassium of 3.3 mEq/L and is told to eat more potassium-rich foods. Which snack is the best choice?

1. ARice cakes
2. BPlain crackers
3. CWhite bread
4. DDried apricots

A patient with sepsis has the following new results. Which set best shows organ dysfunction?

1. AHemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, sodium 138 mEq/L, glucose 105 mg/dL
2. BCalcium 9.4 mg/dL, phosphate 3.5 mg/dL, magnesium 1.9 mEq/L
3. CWBC 11.5 × 10³/µL, potassium 4.2 mEq/L, albumin 3.8 g/dL
4. DPlatelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. AImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago
2. BA current or recent hepatitis A infection
3. CChronic hepatitis A lasting many years
4. DPast hepatitis B infection that has cleared