Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. AThe sample contains too many platelets
2. BThe sample has a very low hemoglobin
3. CThe sample was taken from an artery
4. DRed cells in the sample have broken open

Makmal menandakan keputusan sebagai tinggi menggunakan julat rujukannya sendiri, tetapi nilai itu berada dalam julat dalam buku teks anda. Julat manakah yang patut anda gunakan untuk pesakit ini?

1. AJulat rujukan makmal yang menjalankan ujian itu
2. BJulat terluas yang anda dapat temui dalam mana-mana sumber
3. CJulat yang digunakan di hospital tempat anda dilatih
4. DJulat buku teks, kerana buku teks ialah piawai kebangsaan

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.900–0.990
2. BAbout 1.040–1.060
3. CAbout 1.100–1.300
4. DAbout 1.005–1.030

Bilakah kultur darah patut diambil untuk pesakit yang disyaki sepsis?

1. ASebelum dos antibiotik pertama, tanpa melewatkannya dengan banyak
2. BPada bila-bila masa, kerana antibiotik tidak menjejaskan keputusan
3. CHanya jika demam berlangsung lebih daripada tiga hari
4. DSelepas tiga dos antibiotik yang pertama

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. ALeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
2. BUsing the smallest needle available for every patient
3. CForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
4. DGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
2. BIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
3. CIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
4. DIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AMalignant hyperthermia
2. BHypoglycemia from fasting
3. CAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
4. DHypovolemic shock

Pada petang selepas pembedahan, hemoglobin seorang pesakit telah jatuh daripada 12.5 g/dL kepada 8.1 g/dL (125 kepada 81 g/L), dan kadar denyutan jantung ialah 118/min. Apakah masalah yang paling mungkin?

1. APendarahan
2. BDehidrasi
3. CKeadaan yang semakin pulih
4. DPencairan normal selepas pembedahan yang tidak memerlukan tindakan