Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Which laboratory test best reflects the body's iron stores?

1. ASerum albumin
2. BPlatelet count
3. CSerum sodium
4. DSerum ferritin

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the urethra
2. BIn the ureters
3. CIn the kidney tubules
4. DIn the urinary bladder

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ARed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
2. BKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting
3. CGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
4. DBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
2. BTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
3. CTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
4. DTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
2. BThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
3. CThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
4. DThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
2. BTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
3. CThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
4. DThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique

A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?

1. AStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only
2. BAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
3. CGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once
4. DStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal

After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?

1. ALarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
2. BHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
3. CAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
4. DFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload