Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Bilakah paras palung vankomisin diambil?

1. ASejurus selepas infusi selesai berjalan
2. BDua jam selepas infusi bermula
3. CSejurus sebelum dos seterusnya, biasanya dalam masa 30 minit daripadanya
4. DPada bila-bila masa yang sesuai sepanjang hari, tanpa mengira bila dos perlu diberikan

Makmal menandakan keputusan sebagai tinggi menggunakan julat rujukannya sendiri, tetapi nilai itu berada dalam julat dalam buku teks anda. Julat manakah yang patut anda gunakan untuk pesakit ini?

1. AJulat terluas yang anda dapat temui dalam mana-mana sumber
2. BJulat rujukan makmal yang menjalankan ujian itu
3. CJulat buku teks, kerana buku teks ialah piawai kebangsaan
4. DJulat yang digunakan di hospital tempat anda dilatih

A raised serum uric acid is most closely linked to which condition?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BGout
3. COsteoporosis
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
2. BDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
3. CA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
4. DA common stress response to surgery that is monitored

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. APhosphate
2. BMagnesium
3. CSodium
4. DChloride

A blood sample drawn just after a patient ate a fatty meal is reported as "lipemic." What does this mean for the results?

1. AHigh fat in the sample may interfere with some test results
2. BThe sample shows the patient has diabetic ketoacidosis
3. CThe sample was contaminated by an IV fluid with dextrose
4. DThe results are more accurate than in a fasting sample

Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?

1. AHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop
2. BThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water
3. CThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery
4. DHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
2. BContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
3. CPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
4. DAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics