Lembaran kerja Nilai makmal & elektrolit dengan jawapan

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. APlasma albumin
2. BUrea (from BUN)
3. CGlucose in plasma
4. DSodium and its anions

What does the term pancytopenia mean?

1. ALow red cells with normal platelets
2. BHigh white cells with low platelets
3. CLow red cells, white cells and platelets
4. DHigh red cells, white cells and platelets

The serum total protein is made up mainly of:

1. AAlbumin and globulins
2. BSodium and chloride
3. CHemoglobin and iron
4. DGlucose and urea

A patient with type 1 diabetes has the flu, is eating little and has a glucose of 290 mg/dL (16.1 mmol/L). Which advice is correct?

1. ADrink only water and avoid all carbohydrate foods
2. BWait 3 days before checking the glucose again
3. CKeep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
4. DStop all insulin until you are eating normally again

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. AHbA1c and lipid panel
2. BSerum sodium and chloride
3. CPlatelet count and PT/INR
4. DTSH and free T₄

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
3. CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
4. DIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute viral hepatitis A
2. BAnemia of chronic disease
3. CHereditary hemochromatosis
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA normal finding in sickle cell disease
2. BA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones
3. CIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
4. DAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19