Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What is pitting oedema?

1. ASwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
2. BSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
3. CA small sore that forms on the shin
4. DRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed

What does a "reliever" inhaler do in asthma?

1. AIt reduces the airway inflammation steadily over several weeks
2. BIt relaxes the airway muscles quickly to ease symptoms
3. CIt thins the mucus over several days
4. DIt kills bacteria in the airways

What does stridor usually indicate?

1. ANarrowing of the upper airway
2. BInflammation of the pleura
3. CFluid in the alveoli
4. DNarrowing of the small airways

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
2. BStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
3. CStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high
4. DStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol

Mengapakah pesakit COPD yang teruk digalakkan makan hidangan kecil dan kerap?

1. AHidangan besar menyebabkan saluran udara menyempit secara kekal
2. BPerut yang penuh menghadkan diafragma dan makan itu memenatkan
3. CHidangan kecil mengurangkan kekerapan inhaler diperlukan
4. DHidangan yang kerap mencegah jangkitan dada secara langsung

Seorang pesakit kegagalan jantung memulakan spironolakton sebagai tambahan kepada perencat ACE. Keputusan darah manakah yang memerlukan pemantauan rapi?

1. AKalsium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh merendahkannya
2. BKalium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh meningkatkannya
3. CGlukosa, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan hipoglisemia
4. DHemoglobin, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan pendarahan

Seorang pesakit fibrilasi atrium mempunyai kadar jantung 165/min, TD 78/45 mmHg, sakit dada dan kekeliruan baharu. Apakah rawatan yang patut dijangka oleh jururawat?

1. ABisoprolol oral dan semakan pada pagi esok
2. BKardioversi elektrik bersegerak segera
3. CDefibrilasi tidak bersegerak seperti untuk henti jantung
4. DAtropin IV untuk memperbaik tekanan darah

Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?

1. AMeasuring and recording the morning weight
2. BTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet
3. CAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
4. DDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose