Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. AA dry, tickly cough
2. BA new heart murmur
3. CA slow heart rate
4. DPain in one calf

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
2. BFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
3. CInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
4. DNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AA viral common cold
2. BAllergic rhinitis
3. CPneumococcal pneumonia
4. DOral thrush

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. AIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister
2. BNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece
3. CSlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
4. DAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. AOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
2. BRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
3. CIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
4. DDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AAsthma
2. BStable angina
3. CAortic stenosis
4. DPhaeochromocytoma

A patient receiving weeks of IV antibiotics through a PICC line in the left arm develops swelling and aching of that arm and neck veins that look fuller on the left. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
2. BA local skin allergy to the dressing
3. CLymphoedema from lying in bed
4. DAn expected effect of the antibiotic

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently
2. BThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
3. CThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
4. DThe drain is working well, so no action is needed