Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Seorang pesakit kegagalan jantung berkata dia memerlukan tiga biji bantal untuk bernafas dengan selesa pada waktu malam. Apakah nama gejala ini?

1. AOrtopnea
2. BBradipnea
3. CTakipnea
4. DHemoptisis

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange

Mengapakah merokok dan api terbuka mesti dielakkan berhampiran pesakit yang menggunakan oksigen?

1. AOksigen sendiri bertukar menjadi gas mudah terbakar apabila dipanaskan
2. BAsap menyekat lubang kecil pada tiub oksigen
3. COksigen mudah meletup apabila menyentuh kulit yang hangat
4. DOksigen menjadikan bahan mudah menyala dan terbakar dengan hebat

Seorang pesakit kegagalan jantung memulakan spironolakton sebagai tambahan kepada perencat ACE. Keputusan darah manakah yang memerlukan pemantauan rapi?

1. AHemoglobin, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan pendarahan
2. BKalsium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh merendahkannya
3. CKalium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh meningkatkannya
4. DGlukosa, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan hipoglisemia

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything
2. BWait until the next routine observations in four hours
3. CReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
4. DStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better

During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?

1. AOnly while withdrawing the catheter
2. BOnly while inserting the catheter
3. CContinuously for at least 30 seconds
4. DBefore the catheter enters the airway

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. AIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2. BSpontaneous pneumothorax
3. CCommunity-acquired pneumonia
4. DAn acute asthma attack

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
2. BThe tube has entered the oesophagus
3. CThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
4. DThe tube cuff has burst during insertion