Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which group of symptoms suggests obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. ALoud snoring, pauses in breathing and daytime sleepiness
2. BNight sweats, weight loss and a cough lasting several weeks
3. CWheeze, cough and itchy eyes that come on after exercise
4. DFever, cough and rust-coloured sputum

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AThe whole arm turns pale and then black
2. BFingers turn white, then blue, then red
3. CFingers stay red and hot for several days
4. DFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown

During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?

1. AOnly while inserting the catheter
2. BBefore the catheter enters the airway
3. COnly while withdrawing the catheter
4. DContinuously for at least 30 seconds

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA chest X-ray
2. BA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring

Seorang pesakit kegagalan jantung memulakan spironolakton sebagai tambahan kepada perencat ACE. Keputusan darah manakah yang memerlukan pemantauan rapi?

1. AGlukosa, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan hipoglisemia
2. BHemoglobin, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh menyebabkan pendarahan
3. CKalsium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh merendahkannya
4. DKalium, kerana kedua-dua ubat boleh meningkatkannya

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. ADirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence
2. BSwitching to a single drug to make it easier
3. CStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
4. DDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
2. BChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
3. CDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
4. DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas