Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold
3. CA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
4. DWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise

Ujian darah manakah yang paling spesifik untuk kerosakan otot jantung?

1. ATroponin jantung
2. BProtein C-reaktif
3. CKreatina kinase (jumlah)
4. DLaktat dehidrogenase

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A100–140 beats per minute
2. B40–60 beats per minute
3. C60–100 beats per minute
4. D30–50 beats per minute

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
2. BAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
3. CA large oral dose of digoxin
4. DChest compressions until the rate slows

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
2. BStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better
3. CWait until the next routine observations in four hours
4. DStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
2. BThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
3. CSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
4. DBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect

A patient with a large pericardial effusion has a systolic pressure that falls by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration. What is this finding called?

1. AA collapsing pulse
2. BPulsus alternans
3. CA pulse deficit
4. DPulsus paradoxus

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACommunity-acquired pneumonia
2. BAn acute asthma attack
3. CIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
4. DSpontaneous pneumothorax