Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Apakah peranan utama ubat antikoagulan seperti heparin atau apiksaban?

1. AUntuk mencegah bekuan baharu dan menghalang bekuan sedia ada daripada membesar
2. BUntuk melarutkan bekuan sedia ada sepenuhnya dalam beberapa minit
3. CUntuk menghalang platelet daripada melekat sesama sendiri
4. DUntuk meningkatkan kiraan platelet selepas pembedahan atau pendarahan

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. ANarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
2. BInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
3. CA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
4. DFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins

What does a nebuliser do?

1. AIt turns a liquid medicine into a fine mist to breathe in
2. BIt warms and filters the air entering a tracheostomy tube
3. CIt measures the level of oxygen in the blood through the skin
4. DIt sucks secretions out of the airway

Seorang pesakit takikardia supraventrikular akan menerima adenosin IV. Apakah yang patut diberitahu oleh jururawat kepada pesakit?

1. ASakit terbakar di sepanjang vena lengan selama kira-kira seminggu
2. BRasa mengantuk selama beberapa jam, pertuturan pelat dan kekeliruan selepas itu
3. CMuka kemerahan atau dada terasa ketat seketika dan jeda selama beberapa saat
4. DSakit kepala yang berlarutan selama beberapa hari selepas itu

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
2. BThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
3. CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
4. DThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
2. BExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
3. CProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
4. DEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ARetroperitoneal bleeding
2. BAn allergic reaction to the contrast
3. CNormal back ache from lying flat
4. DA urinary tract infection

A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?

1. AAmylase and lipase
2. BPotassium and magnesium
3. CAlbumin and bilirubin
4. DFerritin and vitamin B₁₂