Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
2. BFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
3. CNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
4. DInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin

Kumpulan dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi pneumonia bakteria?

1. ADemam, batuk berkahak dan krepitasi di satu kawasan
2. BDada berbentuk tong dan sesak nafas selama bertahun-tahun
3. CSakit dada tiba-tiba dengan paru-paru yang jelas dan tiada demam
4. DMengi yang hilang sepenuhnya dalam masa beberapa minit selepas inhaler pelega

When do the coronary arteries of the left ventricle mainly fill with blood?

1. AOnly during inspiration
2. BDuring diastole
3. CDuring systole
4. DOnly during exercise

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart
2. BIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster
3. CIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins
4. DIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
3. CThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
4. DThe first sample is always contaminated

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
2. BThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
3. CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?

1. AContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs
2. BStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
3. CTake two pills a day to make up for the drug
4. DUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
2. B"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
3. C"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
4. D"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."