Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. AThe venae cavae
2. BThe coronary sinus
3. CThe pulmonary veins
4. DThe pulmonary arteries

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe left ventricle
2. BThe right atrium
3. CThe left atrium
4. DThe right ventricle

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the larynx
2. BAt the alveoli
3. CAt the carina
4. DAt the epiglottis

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
2. BTake a beta-blocker before exercise
3. CUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
4. DAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ADo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done
2. BAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
3. CHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
4. DSit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. ARemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
2. BStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
3. CKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
4. DShower as normal with the monitor on

Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACramp from lying still in bed
2. BA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
3. CCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
4. DExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. ACall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate
2. BNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
3. CStart CPR but use only chest compressions
4. DStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present