Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe right atrium
2. BThe left atrium
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe left ventricle

What is haemoptysis?

1. ABlood in the urine
2. BBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
3. CCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways
4. DVomiting blood that comes from the stomach

Aritmia manakah yang paling meningkatkan risiko strok iskemia?

1. ABradikardia sinus pada atlet
2. BTakikardia sinus semasa bersenam
3. CFibrilasi atrium
4. DAritmia sinus

Menurut garis panduan semasa, bilakah oksigen patut diberikan kepada pesakit dengan sindrom koronari akut?

1. ASentiasa pada 15 L/min, tanpa mengira ketepuan
2. BHanya apabila SpO₂ di bawah julat sasaran
3. CTidak pernah, kerana oksigen membahayakan otot jantung
4. DHanya apabila keputusan troponin tersedia

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ABoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AOnly the pulse rate will be affected
2. BThe reading will be accurate but slower
3. CThe reading will be falsely high
4. DThe reading will be falsely low

Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?

1. ADeciding whether to give the furosemide dose
2. BTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet
3. CAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
4. DMeasuring and recording the morning weight

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
2. BNormal variation that needs no action
3. CTube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
4. DA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function