Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratori dengan jawapan

Which drug reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BVitamin K (phytomenadione)
3. CProtamine sulfate
4. DNaloxone

Mengapakah saluran dada disambungkan kepada kedap air bawah air (underwater seal)?

1. AAir menapis bakteria daripada cecair semasa ia mengalir keluar
2. BAir membenarkan udara dan cecair keluar tetapi menghalang udara kembali masuk
3. CAir menyejukkan dan menenangkan ruang pleura yang meradang
4. DAir melembapkan udara yang sampai ke paru-paru

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
2. BThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. ARemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
2. BStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
3. CKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
4. DShower as normal with the monitor on

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ABilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
2. BCPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
3. CBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
4. DCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
2. BStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
3. CDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
4. DGive IV amiodarone as a bolus

A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism has BP 78/50 mmHg despite fluids, and the right ventricle is dilated on echocardiography. Which treatment is most likely?

1. AAn inhaled bronchodilator
2. BOral apixaban only, started next week
3. CCompression stockings and bed rest
4. DSystemic thrombolysis

Seorang pesakit yang memulakan perencat ACE semalam mengalami bengkak bibir dan lidah serta suara serak. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMemberikan dos seterusnya lebih awal, kerana ini akan meredakan bengkak dengan cepat
2. BMenilai saluran udara, memanggil bantuan segera dan menahan dos selanjutnya
3. CMenerangkan bahawa ini ialah kesan sampingan yang dijangka dan tidak berbahaya
4. DMeletakkan ais pada bibir dan menyemak semula pada pagi esok