Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. AWearing synthetic clothing
2. BTobacco smoking
3. CDrinking tap water
4. DUsing mobile phones

What is an incisional hernia?

1. AA bulge through a weakened surgical scar
2. BA swelling in the groin present from birth
3. CA bulge of stomach through the diaphragm
4. DA pouch in the wall of the colon

What is a PEG tube?

1. AA catheter placed in a large vein for medicines
2. BA drain placed in the chest to remove air
3. CA thin tube passed through the nose and down into the small bowel area
4. DA feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells
2. BIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
3. CIt kills H. pylori in the stomach lining
4. DIt speeds up emptying of the stomach

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. ABleeding only from the rectum
2. BInflammation limited to the rectal lining
3. CDisease that is cured by removing the colon
4. DFistulas between the bowel and other organs

Which advice is appropriate for a patient with a very low platelet count?

1. AUse a razor blade for shaving every day
2. BTake aspirin regularly for headaches
3. CFloss hard every day to prevent gum disease
4. DUse a soft toothbrush and an electric razor

During burn resuscitation, a 70 kg adult's urine output has been 120 mL/h for 3 hours, and the face and limbs are very oedematous. What should the nurse do?

1. ADiscuss reducing the fluid rate with the team
2. BStop all IV fluids completely and remove the catheter
3. CGive a diuretic without discussing it
4. DIncrease the fluid rate to keep the output high

During preoperative assessment, a patient says their brother had a "very high fever" during an anaesthetic. What is the most important action?

1. AGive paracetamol before surgery to prevent fever
2. BRecord it as a family allergy to paracetamol
3. CInform the anaesthetist, as malignant hyperthermia may run in the family
4. DReassure the patient that fevers after anaesthesia are always harmless