Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
2. BIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
3. CIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs
4. DIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues

What is metastasis?

1. AThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
2. BHealing of tissue after a biopsy
3. CSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
4. DShrinking of a tumour after treatment

Which is a role of the scrub practitioner in theatre?

1. AObtaining the patient's surgical consent
2. BMoving equipment outside the sterile field only
3. CGiving the anaesthetic drugs to the patient
4. DPreparing and passing sterile instruments

Mengapakah pesakit sirosis berisiko lebih tinggi untuk pendarahan?

1. AFaktor pembekuan yang lebih sedikit, platelet rendah dan varises akibat hipertensi portal
2. BHati yang berparut membebaskan bahan antikoagulan seperti heparin ke dalam darah
3. CSirosis meningkatkan kiraan platelet, yang menjadikan platelet lebih lemah
4. DTekanan darah arteri yang tinggi dalam sirosis menyebabkan saluran pecah

Kawasan manakah yang digunakan sebagai anggaran pantas 1% luas permukaan badan bagi lecuran kecil atau bertaburan?

1. ATangan dan lengan bawah pesakit
2. BTapak tangan pesakit termasuk jari
3. CKuku ibu jari pesakit
4. DTapak tangan pemeriksa termasuk jari

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
2. BA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
3. CA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
4. DAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."
2. B"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."
3. C"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
4. D"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."

Seorang pesakit sirosis dengan asites mengalami demam baharu, abdomen sakit apabila disentuh dan kekeliruan yang bertambah teruk. Komplikasi manakah yang patut disyaki?

1. ASembelit biasa
2. BPeritonitis bakteria spontan
3. CPankreatitis akut
4. DPerkembangan normal asites