Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Apakah maksud PCA dalam pengurusan kesakitan?

1. AAnalgesia terkawal pesakit (patient-controlled analgesia)
2. BAnestesia berterusan yang dipreskripsikan (prescribed continuous anaesthesia)
3. CKawalan kesakitan oleh pembantu (pain control by an assistant)
4. DPenilaian selepas penjagaan (post-care assessment)

On a numerical rating scale for pain, what do 0 and 10 usually mean?

1. A0 is the worst pain and 10 is no pain at all
2. B0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable
3. CThe numbers show how many hours the pain has lasted
4. D0 is mild pain and 10 is moderate pain

At which stage of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist does the team confirm the patient, site and procedure just before the skin incision?

1. AHandover
2. BTime Out
3. CSign Out
4. DSign In

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
2. BIt speeds up emptying of the stomach
3. CIt blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells
4. DIt kills H. pylori in the stomach lining

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
3. CStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
2. BTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
3. CTo remove any feed left in the stomach
4. DTo check that the patient is still hungry

A few hours after an ERCP, a patient has severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, with vomiting. Which complication is most likely?

1. AHepatitis B infection
2. BAcute appendicitis
3. CBiliary colic from a new stone
4. DPost-ERCP pancreatitis

Pada hari ke-2 selepas pembedahan abdomen atas, seorang pesakit mempunyai suhu 37.8 °C, SpO₂ 93% pada udara bilik dan bunyi nafas berkurang di kedua-dua dasar. Mereka tidak menggunakan spirometer insentif kerana kesakitan. Apakah pelan kejururawatan yang paling sesuai?

1. AMemastikan pesakit di katil dan menyekat pergerakan sehingga demam reda
2. BKawalan kesakitan yang lebih baik, duduk tegak, pernafasan dalam, mobilisasi dan melapor
3. CMenghentikan semua analgesia supaya pesakit boleh batuk dengan lebih kuat
4. DMemberikan oksigen pada 15 L/min dan membiarkan pesakit berehat dengan tenang