Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a parastomal hernia?

1. AA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin
2. BA narrowing of the stoma opening
3. CA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
4. DA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

1. ATreatment given before a biopsy is taken
2. BTreatment given only to relieve symptoms
3. CTreatment given only to patients who refuse surgery or radiotherapy
4. DTreatment after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
2. BStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
3. CAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
4. DGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it

In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?

1. AThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
2. BA list of the patient's allergies only
3. CThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin
4. DThe patient's admission date only

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo protect the kidneys from damage
2. BTo make the drug less effective
3. CTo raise the blood pressure during treatment
4. DTo prevent hair loss

Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?

1. ATo check for a leg bone fracture
2. BTo find the bacteria in the wound
3. CTo find out how deep the ulcer is
4. DTo exclude significant arterial disease

Pada hari ke-3 selepas pembedahan pinggul, seorang pesakit warga emas menjadi keliru secara akut, dengan perhatian yang berubah-ubah dan kegelisahan. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMencari punca seperti hipoksia, jangkitan, kesakitan atau ubat, dan membuat eskalasi
2. BMeminta keluarga membawa pesakit pulang supaya mereka dapat tenang
3. CMenyekat pesakit dan memberikan dos sedatif yang besar serta-merta
4. DMenganggap ia demensia dan meneruskan pelan penjagaan tanpa perubahan

Dua hari selepas memulakan kemoterapi untuk limfoma gred tinggi, pengeluaran air kencing pesakit menurun; kalium 6.4 mmol/L, fosfat tinggi dan kalsium rendah. Apakah yang patut disyaki dan dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. ATindak balas alergi: berikan antihistamin dan teruskan seperti biasa
2. BDehidrasi biasa: galakkan cecair oral dan semak semula darah minggu depan
3. CSindrom lisis tumor: buat eskalasi, mulakan pemantauan jantung dan jangka cecair IV
4. DKesan sampingan kemoterapi yang dijangka: tiada tindakan diperlukan sehingga kitaran seterusnya